The following graphic demonstrate an applied gravitational model and geographic information system applications to analyze the dynamic variation of energy consumption flows by the agricultural sector over a period of time by focusing on the regional spatial level. The general movement of the agricultural energy consumption sector shifts toward the southeast from 2005 to 2012 with a distance of 2,016 meters. A series of gravitational centers of agricultural energy consumption remain in the Province of Brescia in the Lombardy region, Italy.

Agricultural energy sector. (a) Changes in the centers of gravity for agricultural sector energy consumption in Lombardy from 2000 to 2012. (b) Spatial pattern of agricultural sector energy consumption in Lombardy region in 2005 (left) and 2012 (right).